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AMP Asymmetric Multi-Processing ANSI American National Standards Institute APIC Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller APM Advanced Power Management ARAM Audio RAM ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit ASPI Advanced SCSI Programming Interface ATA Advanced Technology Attachment ATAPI ATA Packet Interface ATDM Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATRAC Adaptive Transform Accoustic Coding AUI Attached Unit Interface BBS Bulletin Board System BCC Block Check Character BCD Binary Coded Decimal BE Back End BER Bit Error Rate BGA Ball Grid Array BiCMOS Bipolar Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor BIOS Basic Input / Output System BNC Bayonet Nut Connector BPS / bps Bytes/bits Per Second BSC Binary Synchronous Communications BSD Berkeley Standard Distribution BTU British Thermal Units BTX Balanced Technology Extended Specification CAD Computer Aided Design CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing CAM Content Addressable Memory CAM Common Access Method (Committee) CAS Column Address Strobe CBX Common Branch eXtender CCD Charge Coupled Device CCITT Consultative Committee of International Telephony and Telegraphy CD Carrier Detect CDDI Copper Distributed Data Interface CDROM Compact Disk Read Only Memory CERDIP CERamic Dual-In-line Package CGA Color Graphics Adaptor CHS Cylinder Head Sector CISC Complex Instruction-Set Computer CLA Carry Lookahead Adder CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor CP/M Control Program / Monitor CPGA Ceramic Pin Grid Array CPI Clocks Per Instruction CQFP Ceramic Quad-FlatPack CPU Central Processing Unit CPUID Central Processing Unit Identification number CR Carriage Return CRC Cyclical redundancy check CRQ Command Response Queue CRT Cathode Ray Tube CS Chip Select CSMA Carrier Sense Multiple-Access CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple-Access with Collision Detect CSR Command Status Register CTS Clear To Send DAE Digital Audio Extraction DASD Direct Access Storage Device DAT Digital Audio Tape DC Direct Current DCD Data Carrier Detect DCE Data Circuit-terminating Equipment DD Double Density DEC Digital Equipment Corporation DES Data Encryption Standard DID Direct Inward Dial DIMM Dual Inline Memory Module DIN Deutsche Industrie Norm DIP Dual-In-line Package DIS Draft International Standard DMA Direct Memory Access DMI Desktop Management Interface DOS Disk Operating System DPE Data Parity Error DPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory DS Double Sided DSP Digital Signal Processor DSR Data Set Ready DTC Data Terminal Controller DTE Data Terminating Equipment DTMF Dual-Tone MultiFrequency DTR Data Terminal Ready DVD Digital Versatile Disk EBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code ECC Error Correction Code ECL Emitter-Coupled Logic ECO Engineering Change Order ECU EISA Configuration Utility EDO Extended Data Out EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory EGA Enhanced Graphics Adaptor EIA Electronic Industries Association EIDE Enhanced IDE EISA Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture EMI Electro-Magnetic Interference EMF Electro-Magnetic Force EMS Expanded Memory Specification EOF End Of File EOL End Of Line EOS Electrical Overstress EPROM Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory ESCD Extended Setup Configuration Data ESD Electro-Static Discharge ESDI Enhanced Small Devices Interface FAT File Allocation Table FCC Federal Communications Commission FDD Fixed Disk Drive (or Floppy Disk Drive) FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing FDX Full-Duplex Transmission FE Front End FEP Front End Processor FF Form Feed FIFO First-In First-Out FILO First-In Last-Out (same as LIFO) FM Frequency Modulation FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array FPU Floating Point Unit FRU Field-Replaceable Unit FSF Free Software Foundation FSK Frequency Shifty Keying FTP File Transfer Program GAS Gallium Arsenide GFLOPS Billions (10^9) of FLOating Point Operations Per Second ("GigaFlops") GNU Gnu's Not Unix GUI Graphical User Interface HD High Density HDD Hard Disk Drive HDX Half-Duplex Transmission HFS Hierarchical File System HPFS High Performance File System HS Helical Scan I/O Input / Output IASIG Interactive Audio Special Interest Group IBM International Business Machines Corp. IC Integrated Circuit ICU ISA Configuration Utility IDC Insulation Displacement Connector IDE Integrated Device Electronics IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers IMP Interface Message Processor IPC InterProcess Communication IRQ Interrupt ReQuest ISA Industry Standard Architecture ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network ISO International Standards Organization Jedec Joint Electronic Device Engineering Council JFS Journaled File System kVA KiloVolt-Amps LAN Local Area Network LAPM Link Access Procedure M LBA Linear Block Array LCD Liquid Crystal Display LED Light Emitting Diode LF Line Feed LIF Low Insertion Force LIM Lotus/Intel/Microsoft Expanded Memory Manager Specification LRU Least-Recently Used LSB/lsb Least Significant Byte/bit LSI Large Scale Integration LUN Logical Unit Number MAN Metropolitan Area Network MB/Mb Mega Bytes/bits MBR Master Boot Record MCA Micro Channel Architecture MCGA Multi-Color Graphics Array MCM Multi-Chip Module MFLOPS Millions of FLOating Point Operations per Second ("MegaFlops") MFM Modified Frequency Modulated MHz MegaHertz MICR Magnetic Ink Character Recognition MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface MIMD Multiple-Instruction Multiple-Data MIPS Millions of Instructions per Second MISD Multiple-Instruction Single Data MMC Mobile Module Cartridge MMC Microsoft Management Console MMU Memory Management Unit MNP Microcom Network Protocol MODEM MOdulator / DEModulator MOPS Millions of Operations Per Second MOS Metal-Oxide Semiconductor MP MultiProcessor MPEG Motion Picture Expert Group MPP Massively Parallel Processor MQFP Metal Quad Flat Package MSB/msb Most Significant Byte/bit MSDOS Microsoft Disk Operating System MSI Medium Scale Integration MTBF Mean Time Between Failure MTU Maximum Transfer Unit N/C No-Connect NBS National Bureau of Standards NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association NFS Network File System NFU Not-Frequently Used NIU Network Interface Unit NMI Non-Maskable Interrupt NMOS Negatively doped Metal-Oxide Semiconductor NOP No OPeration NRU Not-Recently Used NSF National Science Foundation NUMA Non-Uniform Memory Access NVRAM Non-Volatile Random Access Memory OCR Optical Character Recognition ODI Open Datalink Interface OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer OS Operating System OSF Open Software Foundation OSI Open Systems Interconnect OSPM Operating System Direct Power Management PAL/PLA Programmable Array Logic (Logic Array) PB Push Button PBX Private Branch eXtender PC Personal Computer, Program Counter PCB Printed Circuit Board PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect PCM Pulse Code Modulation PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association PE Processor Element PFF Page Fault Frequency PGA Pin Grid Array PIC Programmable Interrupt Controller PIO Programmed Input/Output PLCC Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier PLL Phase Locked Loop PM Preventive Maintenance PMOS Positively doped Metal-Oxide Semiconductor POST Power On Self Test PPGA Plastic Pin Grid Array PPP Point-to-Point Protocol PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol PQFP Plastic Quad-Flat Package PROM Programmable Read-Only Memory PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network PTE Page Table Entry QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QFP Quad-FlatPack QIC Quarter Inch Cartridge QoS Quality of Service RAID Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks RAM Random Access Memory RAMDAC Random Access Memory Digital to Analog Converter RAS Row Address Strobe RCA Radio Corporation of America RCC Routing Control Center RFC Request For Comments RFI Radio Frequency Interference RI Ring Indicator RISC Reduced Instruction-Set Computer RLL Run Length Limited RMM Read Mostly Memory (same as EPROM) RMS Root Mean Squared RMW Read Modify Write ROM Read-Only Memory RPC Remote Procedure Call RPM Rotations Per Minute RTC Real Time Clock RTS Request To Send SAM Sequential Access Memory SASI Shugart Associates Standard Interface S-ATA Serial ATA SCSI Small Computer Systems Interface SD Single Density SDLC Synchronous Data Link Control SDRAM Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory SE Systems Engineer SEC Single Edge Contact SEPP Single Edge Processor Package SGRAM Synchronous Graphics Random Access Memory SIMD Single-Instruction Multiple-Data SIMM Single Inline Memory Module SIPP Single Inline Pinned Package SISD Single-Instruction Single-Data SLIP Serial Line Internet Protocol SMB System Management Bus (see www.smbus.org) SMD Surface Mount Device SMT Surface Mount Technology SMP Symmetric Multi-Processing SNA System Network Architecture SNR Signal to Noise Ratio SO/SOL Small OutLine SOI Silicon On Insulator SOIC Small Outline Integrated Circuit SOJ SOJ SPEC System Performance Evaluation Corporation SPOOL Simultaneous Peripheral Operation On Line SPT Sectors Per Track SPU Single Processor Unit SQE Signal Quality Error SQFP Shrink Quad Flat Package SRAM Static Random Access Memory SS Single Sided STDM Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing STN Super Twisted Nematic STU Streaming Tape Unit SVC Switched Virtual Channel SVGA Super Video Graphics Array TCM Trellis Code Modulation TCP Tape Carrier Package TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol TDM Time Division Multiplexing TI Texas Instruments TIA Telecomm. Industry Assocation TLB Translation-Lookaside Buffer TPI Tracks Per Inch TSOP TSOP TSR Terminate and Stay Resident TTL Transistor-Transistor Logic TÜV Technischer Überwachungs Verein UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter UDP User Datagram Protocol UMB Upper Memory Block UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply URM Universal Retention Module USL Unix System Labs UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair UUCP Unix to Unix Copy Program VC Virtual Channel VCI Virtual Channel Identifier VCR Video Cassette Recorder VESA Video Enhanced Standards Association VGA Video Graphics Array VLB VESA Local Bus VLIW Very Long Instruction Word VLSI Very Large Scale Integration VM Virtual Memory VME Versa Module Eurocard VP Virtual Path VR Virtual Reality VRAM Video Random Access Memory VTR Video Tape Recorder WAN Wide Area Network WATS Wide Area Telephone Service WD Western Digital WORM Write-Once Read-Many WS Wait State XGA eXtended Graphics Array XMS Extended Memory Specification XOR Exclusive-Or XT eXtended Technology ZIF Zero Insertion Force ZIP Zigzag In-Line Package
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